768 lines
22 KiB
Bash
768 lines
22 KiB
Bash
#!/bin/bash
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###############################################################################
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# NGINX Installation Script for China Mainland with Mirror Acceleration
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###############################################################################
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# @author Advanced Bash Shell Engineer
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# @version 1.0.0
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# @license MIT
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# @created 2026-01-19
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# @desc Production-grade NGINX installation script with China mirror support
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# Supports Ubuntu 18.04/20.04/22.04/24.04 with version pinning
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###############################################################################
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###############################################################################
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# GLOBAL CONSTANTS
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###############################################################################
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readonly SCRIPT_NAME="$(basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")"
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readonly SCRIPT_VERSION="1.0.0"
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readonly SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
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# Color codes for output
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readonly COLOR_RED="\033[0;31m"
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readonly COLOR_GREEN="\033[0;32m"
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readonly COLOR_YELLOW="\033[1;33m"
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readonly COLOR_BLUE="\033[0;34m"
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readonly COLOR_RESET="\033[0m"
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# Log levels
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readonly LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG=0
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readonly LOG_LEVEL_INFO=1
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readonly LOG_LEVEL_WARN=2
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readonly LOG_LEVEL_ERROR=3
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# Default configuration
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readonly DEFAULT_NGINX_VERSION="stable"
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readonly DEFAULT_MIRROR="ustc"
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readonly SUPPORTED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS=("18.04" "20.04" "22.04" "24.04")
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# Mirror configurations (China mainland accelerated sources)
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declare -A MIRROR_URLS=(
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["aliyun"]="http://mirrors.aliyun.com/nginx"
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["tsinghua"]="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/nginx"
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["ustc"]="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nginx/ubuntu"
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["official"]="http://nginx.org"
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)
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declare -A MIRROR_KEY_URLS=(
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["aliyun"]="http://mirrors.aliyun.com/nginx/keys/nginx_signing.key"
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["tsinghua"]="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/nginx/keys/nginx_signing.key"
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["ustc"]="https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nginx/keys/nginx_signing.key"
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["official"]="https://nginx.org/keys/nginx_signing.key"
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)
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# Global variables
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CURRENT_LOG_LEVEL="${LOG_LEVEL_INFO}"
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NGINX_VERSION="${DEFAULT_NGINX_VERSION}"
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MIRROR_SOURCE="${DEFAULT_MIRROR}"
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FORCE_REINSTALL=false
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DRY_RUN=false
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###############################################################################
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# ERROR HANDLING & TRAPS
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###############################################################################
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set -euo pipefail
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IFS=$'\n\t'
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###
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### Cleanup function for graceful exit
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### @param none
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### @return void
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### @require none
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###
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cleanup() {
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local exit_code=$?
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if [[ ${exit_code} -ne 0 ]]; then
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log_error "脚本退出，错误码： ${exit_code}"
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fi
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# > Perform cleanup operations if needed
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return "${exit_code}"
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}
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trap cleanup EXIT
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trap 'log_error "用户中断脚本执行"; exit 130' INT TERM
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###############################################################################
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# LOGGING FUNCTIONS
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###############################################################################
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###
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### Core logging function with level-based filtering
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### @param log_level integer Log level (0-3)
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### @param message string Message to log
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### @param color string Color code for output
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### @return void
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### @require none
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###
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_log() {
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local log_level=$1
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local message=$2
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local color=$3
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local level_name=$4
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if [[ ${log_level} -ge ${CURRENT_LOG_LEVEL} ]]; then
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local timestamp
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timestamp="$(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')"
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echo -e "${color}[${timestamp}] [${level_name}] ${message}${COLOR_RESET}" >&2
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fi
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}
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###
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### Debug level logging
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### @param message string Debug message
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### @return void
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### @require none
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###
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log_debug() {
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_log "${LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG}" "$1" "${COLOR_BLUE}" "调试"
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}
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###
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### Info level logging
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### @param message string Info message
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### @return void
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### @require none
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###
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log_info() {
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_log "${LOG_LEVEL_INFO}" "$1" "${COLOR_GREEN}" "信息"
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}
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###
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### Warning level logging
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### @param message string Warning message
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### @return void
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### @require none
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###
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log_warn() {
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_log "${LOG_LEVEL_WARN}" "$1" "${COLOR_YELLOW}" "警告"
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}
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###
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### Error level logging
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### @param message string Error message
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### @return void
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### @require none
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###
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log_error() {
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_log "${LOG_LEVEL_ERROR}" "$1" "${COLOR_RED}" "错误"
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}
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###############################################################################
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# VALIDATION FUNCTIONS
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###############################################################################
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###
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### Check if script is running with root privileges
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### @param none
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### @return 0 if root, 1 otherwise
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### @require none
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###
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check_root_privileges() {
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if [[ ${EUID} -ne 0 ]]; then
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log_error "此脚本必须以 root 身份运行，或使用 sudo 执行"
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return 1
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fi
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log_debug "已确认具备 root 权限"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Validate Ubuntu version compatibility
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### @param none
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### @return 0 if supported, 1 otherwise
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### @require lsb_release command
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###
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validate_ubuntu_version() {
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local ubuntu_version
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# > Check if lsb_release exists
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if ! command -v lsb_release &> /dev/null; then
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log_error "未找到 lsb_release 命令，无法识别 Ubuntu 版本。"
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return 1
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fi
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ubuntu_version="$(lsb_release -rs)"
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log_debug "检测到 Ubuntu 版本： ${ubuntu_version}"
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# > Validate against supported versions
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local supported=false
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for version in "${SUPPORTED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS[@]}"; do
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if [[ "${ubuntu_version}" == "${version}" ]]; then
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supported=true
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break
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fi
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done
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if [[ "${supported}" == false ]]; then
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log_error "Ubuntu ${ubuntu_version} 不受支持。支持的版本： ${SUPPORTED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS[*]}"
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return 1
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fi
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log_info "Ubuntu ${ubuntu_version} 受支持"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Validate mirror source selection
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### @param mirror_name string 镜像源 name
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### @return 0 if valid, 1 otherwise
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### @require none
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###
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validate_mirror_source() {
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local mirror_name=$1
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if [[ ! -v MIRROR_URLS["${mirror_name}"] ]]; then
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log_error "无效的镜像源： ${mirror_name}"
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log_info "可用镜像源： ${!MIRROR_URLS[*]}"
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return 1
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fi
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log_debug "镜像源 '${mirror_name}' 有效"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Check network connectivity to mirror
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### @param mirror_url string URL to test
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### @return 0 if reachable, 1 otherwise
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### @require curl
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###
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check_mirror_connectivity() {
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local mirror_url=$1
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local timeout=10
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log_debug "正在测试镜像连通性： ${mirror_url}"
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if curl -sSf --connect-timeout "${timeout}" --max-time "${timeout}" \
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"${mirror_url}" -o /dev/null 2>/dev/null; then
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log_debug "镜像 ${mirror_url} 可访问"
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return 0
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else
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log_warn "镜像 ${mirror_url} 不可访问"
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return 1
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fi
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}
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###############################################################################
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# SYSTEM PREPARATION FUNCTIONS
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###############################################################################
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###
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### Install required system dependencies
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### @param none
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### @return 0 on success, 1 on failure
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### @require apt-get
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###
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install_dependencies() {
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log_info "正在安装系统依赖..."
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local dependencies=(
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"curl"
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"gnupg2"
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"ca-certificates"
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"lsb-release"
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"ubuntu-keyring"
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"apt-transport-https"
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)
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == true ]]; then
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log_info "[演练模式] 将会安装： ${dependencies[*]}"
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return 0
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fi
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# > Update package index first
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if ! apt-get update -qq; then
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log_error "更新软件包索引失败"
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return 1
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fi
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# > Install dependencies
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if ! apt-get install -y -qq "${dependencies[@]}"; then
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log_error "安装依赖失败"
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return 1
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fi
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log_info "依赖安装完成"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Remove existing NGINX installation if present
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### @param none
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### @return 0 on success or if not installed
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### @require apt-get, dpkg
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###
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remove_existing_nginx() {
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log_info "正在检查是否已安装 NGINX..."
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if ! dpkg -l | grep -q "^ii.*nginx"; then
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log_info "未发现已安装的 NGINX"
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return 0
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fi
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if [[ "${FORCE_REINSTALL}" == false ]]; then
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log_warn "NGINX 已安装。如需重装请使用 --force。"
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return 1
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fi
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log_info "正在卸载已安装的 NGINX..."
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == true ]]; then
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log_info "[演练模式] 将会卸载已安装的 NGINX"
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return 0
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fi
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# > Stop NGINX service if running
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if systemctl is-active --quiet nginx 2>/dev/null; then
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systemctl stop nginx || true
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fi
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# > Remove NGINX packages
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if ! apt-get remove --purge -y nginx nginx-common nginx-full 2>/dev/null; then
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log_warn "部分 NGINX 软件包可能未能完全卸载（可忽略）"
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fi
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# > Clean up configuration files
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apt-get autoremove -y -qq || true
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log_info "已卸载现有 NGINX"
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return 0
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}
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###############################################################################
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# NGINX INSTALLATION FUNCTIONS
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###############################################################################
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###
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### Import NGINX GPG signing key
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### @param mirror_name string 镜像源 name
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### @return 0 on success, 1 on failure
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### @require curl, gpg
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###
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import_nginx_gpg_key() {
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local mirror_name=$1
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local key_url="${MIRROR_KEY_URLS[${mirror_name}]}"
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local keyring_path="/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg"
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log_info "正在导入 NGINX GPG 签名密钥（来源：${mirror_name}）..."
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == true ]]; then
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log_info "[演练模式] 将会从以下地址导入 GPG 密钥： ${key_url}"
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return 0
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fi
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# > Remove old keyring if exists
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[[ -f "${keyring_path}" ]] && rm -f "${keyring_path}"
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# > Download and import GPG key
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if ! curl -fsSL "${key_url}" | gpg --dearmor -o "${keyring_path}" 2>/dev/null; then
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log_error "导入 GPG 密钥失败： ${key_url}"
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return 1
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fi
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# > Verify the key was imported correctly
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if ! gpg --dry-run --quiet --no-keyring --import --import-options import-show \
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"${keyring_path}" &>/dev/null; then
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log_error "GPG 密钥校验失败"
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return 1
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fi
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# > Set proper permissions
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chmod 644 "${keyring_path}"
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log_info "GPG 密钥导入并校验成功"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Configure NGINX APT repository
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### @param mirror_name string 镜像源 name
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### @return 0 on success, 1 on failure
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### @require lsb_release
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###
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configure_nginx_repository() {
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local mirror_name=$1
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local mirror_url="${MIRROR_URLS[${mirror_name}]}"
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local codename
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codename="$(lsb_release -cs)"
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local repo_file="/etc/apt/sources.list.d/nginx.list"
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local keyring_path="/usr/share/keyrings/nginx-archive-keyring.gpg"
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# > 不同镜像源目录结构可能不同：
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# > - 官方/部分镜像：.../packages/ubuntu
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# > - USTC：.../ubuntu
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local repo_base
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case "${mirror_name}" in
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ustc)
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repo_base="${mirror_url}"
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;;
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*)
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repo_base="${mirror_url}/packages/ubuntu"
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;;
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esac
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log_info "正在配置 NGINX 软件源（Ubuntu ${codename}）..."
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == true ]]; then
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log_info "[演练模式] 将会配置软件源：deb [signed-by=${keyring_path}] ${repo_base} ${codename} nginx"
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return 0
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fi
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# > Create repository configuration
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local repo_config="deb [signed-by=${keyring_path}] ${repo_base} ${codename} nginx"
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echo "${repo_config}" | tee "${repo_file}" > /dev/null
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log_debug "已生成软件源配置文件：${repo_file}"
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log_debug "软件源地址：${repo_base} ${codename}"
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log_info "NGINX 软件源配置完成"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Configure APT pinning preferences for NGINX
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### @param none
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### @return 0 on success
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### @require none
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###
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configure_apt_pinning() {
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local pref_file="/etc/apt/preferences.d/99nginx"
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log_info "正在配置 APT Pin 优先级..."
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == true ]]; then
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log_info "[演练模式] 将会配置 APT Pin 优先级"
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return 0
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fi
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# > Create pinning configuration for priority
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cat > "${pref_file}" <<EOF
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Package: *
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Pin: origin nginx.org
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Pin: release o=nginx
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Pin-Priority: 900
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EOF
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log_debug "APT Pin 配置写入：${pref_file}"
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log_info "APT Pin 优先级配置完成"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Install NGINX package
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### @param version string NGINX version to install (stable/mainline/specific)
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### @return 0 on success, 1 on failure
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### @require apt-get
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###
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install_nginx_package() {
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local version=$1
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local package_spec="nginx"
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log_info "正在安装 NGINX ${version}..."
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# > Update package index with new repository
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == false ]]; then
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if ! apt-get update -qq; then
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log_error "更新软件包索引失败"
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return 1
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fi
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fi
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# > Handle version specification
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if [[ "${version}" != "stable" && "${version}" != "mainline" ]]; then
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# > Specific version requested
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package_spec="nginx=${version}"
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log_debug "安装指定版本：${package_spec}"
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else
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log_debug "从软件源安装：${version}"
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fi
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == true ]]; then
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log_info "[演练模式] 将会安装软件包：${package_spec}"
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return 0
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fi
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# > Install NGINX
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if ! DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq "${package_spec}"; then
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log_error "安装 NGINX 失败"
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return 1
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fi
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log_info "NGINX 安装完成"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Verify NGINX installation
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### @param none
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### @return 0 on success, 1 on failure
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### @require nginx
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###
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verify_nginx_installation() {
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log_info "正在验证 NGINX 安装结果..."
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# > Check if nginx binary exists
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if ! command -v nginx &> /dev/null; then
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log_error "未在 PATH 中找到 nginx 可执行文件"
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return 1
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fi
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# > Get and display version
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local nginx_version_output
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nginx_version_output="$(nginx -v 2>&1)"
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log_info "已安装： ${nginx_version_output}"
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# > Test configuration
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if ! nginx -t &>/dev/null; then
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log_error "NGINX 配置文件校验失败"
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return 1
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fi
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log_info "NGINX 安装验证通过"
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return 0
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}
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###
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### Enable and start NGINX service
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### @param none
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### @return 0 on success, 1 on failure
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### @require systemctl
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###
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enable_nginx_service() {
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log_info "正在设置 NGINX 开机自启并启动服务..."
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if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == true ]]; then
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log_info "[演练模式] 将会启用并启动 NGINX 服务"
|
||
return 0
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
# > Enable service to start on boot
|
||
if ! systemctl enable nginx &>/dev/null; then
|
||
log_error "设置 NGINX 开机自启失败"
|
||
return 1
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
# > Start the service
|
||
if ! systemctl start nginx; then
|
||
log_error "启动 NGINX 服务失败"
|
||
return 1
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
# > Verify service is running
|
||
if ! systemctl is-active --quiet nginx; then
|
||
log_error "NGINX 服务未处于运行状态"
|
||
return 1
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
log_info "NGINX 服务已启用并启动"
|
||
return 0
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
# MAIN ORCHESTRATION
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
###
|
||
### Display usage information
|
||
### @param none
|
||
### @return void
|
||
### @require none
|
||
###
|
||
show_usage() {
|
||
cat <<EOF
|
||
Usage: ${SCRIPT_NAME} [选项]
|
||
|
||
NGINX 安装脚本（面向中国大陆镜像加速） v${SCRIPT_VERSION}
|
||
|
||
选项：
|
||
-v, --version VERSION 指定要安装的 NGINX 版本
|
||
（stable/mainline/1.24.0/...）
|
||
默认：${DEFAULT_NGINX_VERSION}
|
||
|
||
-m, --mirror MIRROR 选择镜像源
|
||
（aliyun/tsinghua/ustc/official）
|
||
默认：${DEFAULT_MIRROR}
|
||
|
||
-f, --force 若已安装则强制重装
|
||
|
||
-d, --dry-run 演练模式：仅展示将执行的操作，不真正执行
|
||
|
||
--debug 开启调试日志
|
||
|
||
-h, --help 显示帮助信息
|
||
|
||
示例：
|
||
# 使用默认镜像（USTC）安装稳定版
|
||
sudo ${SCRIPT_NAME}
|
||
|
||
# 使用清华镜像安装指定版本
|
||
sudo ${SCRIPT_NAME} --version 1.24.0 --mirror tsinghua
|
||
|
||
# 强制重装并开启调试
|
||
sudo ${SCRIPT_NAME} --force --debug
|
||
|
||
# 演练模式预览
|
||
sudo ${SCRIPT_NAME} --dry-run
|
||
|
||
支持的 Ubuntu 版本：
|
||
${SUPPORTED_UBUNTU_VERSIONS[*]}
|
||
|
||
可用镜像源：
|
||
${!MIRROR_URLS[*]}
|
||
EOF
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
###
|
||
### Parse command line arguments
|
||
### @param args array Command line arguments
|
||
### @return 0 on success, 1 on invalid arguments
|
||
### @require none
|
||
###
|
||
parse_arguments() {
|
||
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
|
||
case $1 in
|
||
-v|--version)
|
||
NGINX_VERSION="$2"
|
||
shift 2
|
||
;;
|
||
-m|--mirror)
|
||
MIRROR_SOURCE="$2"
|
||
shift 2
|
||
;;
|
||
-f|--force)
|
||
FORCE_REINSTALL=true
|
||
shift
|
||
;;
|
||
-d|--dry-run)
|
||
DRY_RUN=true
|
||
shift
|
||
;;
|
||
--debug)
|
||
CURRENT_LOG_LEVEL="${LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG}"
|
||
shift
|
||
;;
|
||
-h|--help)
|
||
show_usage
|
||
exit 0
|
||
;;
|
||
*)
|
||
log_error "未知参数： $1"
|
||
show_usage
|
||
exit 1
|
||
;;
|
||
esac
|
||
done
|
||
|
||
return 0
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
###
|
||
### Main installation workflow
|
||
### @param none
|
||
### @return 0 on success, 1 on failure
|
||
### @require all functions above
|
||
###
|
||
main() {
|
||
log_info "========================================="
|
||
log_info "NGINX 安装脚本 v${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
|
||
log_info "========================================="
|
||
|
||
# > Step 1: Pre-flight checks
|
||
log_info "步骤 1/8：执行预检查..."
|
||
check_root_privileges || return 1
|
||
validate_ubuntu_version || return 1
|
||
validate_mirror_source "${MIRROR_SOURCE}" || return 1
|
||
|
||
# > Step 2: Check mirror connectivity
|
||
log_info "步骤 2/8：检查镜像连通性..."
|
||
if ! check_mirror_connectivity "${MIRROR_URLS[${MIRROR_SOURCE}]}"; then
|
||
log_warn "主镜像不可用，尝试回退方案..."
|
||
# > Fallback to official if mirror fails
|
||
if [[ "${MIRROR_SOURCE}" != "official" ]]; then
|
||
MIRROR_SOURCE="official"
|
||
log_info "已回退到官方源"
|
||
fi
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
# > Step 3: Install dependencies
|
||
log_info "步骤 3/8：安装依赖..."
|
||
install_dependencies || return 1
|
||
|
||
# > Step 4: Handle existing installation
|
||
log_info "步骤 4/8：检查已安装版本..."
|
||
remove_existing_nginx || return 1
|
||
|
||
# > Step 5: Import GPG key
|
||
log_info "步骤 5/8：导入 NGINX GPG 密钥..."
|
||
import_nginx_gpg_key "${MIRROR_SOURCE}" || return 1
|
||
|
||
# > Step 6: Configure repository
|
||
log_info "步骤 6/8：配置 NGINX 软件源..."
|
||
configure_nginx_repository "${MIRROR_SOURCE}" || return 1
|
||
configure_apt_pinning || return 1
|
||
|
||
# > Step 7: Install NGINX
|
||
log_info "步骤 7/8：安装 NGINX..."
|
||
install_nginx_package "${NGINX_VERSION}" || return 1
|
||
verify_nginx_installation || return 1
|
||
|
||
# > Step 8: Enable service
|
||
log_info "步骤 8/8：启用 NGINX 服务..."
|
||
enable_nginx_service || return 1
|
||
|
||
log_info "========================================="
|
||
log_info "✓ NGINX 安装完成！"
|
||
log_info "========================================="
|
||
|
||
if [[ "${DRY_RUN}" == false ]]; then
|
||
log_info "服务状态： $(systemctl is-active nginx)"
|
||
log_info "NGINX 版本： $(nginx -v 2>&1 | cut -d'/' -f2)"
|
||
log_info ""
|
||
log_info "常用命令："
|
||
log_info " 启动： sudo systemctl start nginx"
|
||
log_info " 停止： sudo systemctl stop nginx"
|
||
log_info " 重启： sudo systemctl restart nginx"
|
||
log_info " 状态： sudo systemctl status nginx"
|
||
log_info " 校验配置： sudo nginx -t"
|
||
fi
|
||
|
||
return 0
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
# SCRIPT ENTRY POINT
|
||
###############################################################################
|
||
|
||
# ASCII Flow Diagram - Function Call Hierarchy
|
||
# ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||
# │ MAIN() │
|
||
# └──────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||
# │
|
||
# ┌─────────────┼─────────────┬──────────────┬─────────────┐
|
||
# │ │ │ │ │
|
||
# ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼ ▼
|
||
# ┌─────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌─────────┐ ┌────────────┐ ┌─────────┐
|
||
# │Pre-flight│ │Install │ │Import │ │Configure │ │Install │
|
||
# │Checks │ │Deps │ │GPG Key │ │Repository │ │NGINX │
|
||
# └─────────┘ └──────────┘ └─────────┘ └────────────┘ └─────────┘
|
||
# │ │ │ │ │
|
||
# ├─check_root_privileges │ │ │
|
||
# ├─validate_ubuntu_version │ │ │
|
||
# └─validate_mirror_source │ │ │
|
||
# │ │ │ │
|
||
# └─install_dependencies │ │
|
||
# │ │ │
|
||
# └─import_nginx_gpg_key │
|
||
# │ │
|
||
# ├─configure_nginx_repository
|
||
# └─configure_apt_pinning
|
||
# │
|
||
# ├─install_nginx_package
|
||
# └─verify_nginx_installation
|
||
|
||
# Parse command line arguments
|
||
parse_arguments "$@"
|
||
|
||
# Execute main workflow
|
||
main
|
||
exit $?
|